How To: Building Plumbing
An essential step in building construction and preparation is proper plumbing of the building. It is necessary to install metal, plastic, or cement pipes to transfer water and gas in the building, which is done in the piping stage of the building. The system of installing pipes and connecting them in the building to distribute water and gas and discharge waste is called building piping. Constructors must do the piping of the building in an entirely principled and professional manner.
In general, plumbing is used in various industries and industrial factories to transfer chemicals, pneumatic and compressed air systems, and city, industrial, and agricultural water networks. Also, one of its primary uses is related to building plumbing. At this stage, pipes are installed in the building to transfer water and gas and drain the kitchen and bathroom water waste.
For building plumbing and motor house plumbing, specific rules and regulations are considered based on engineering calculations and depending on the geographical conditions of each area, which experts must strictly follow. However, applying these rules has advantages such as saving on raw materials, preventing mistakes, standardizing plumbing fittings, and preventing too much work and economic damage. Here, we will talk about the crucial points in building plumbing and its stages. 
Important points in building piping systems
Building plumbing is one of the most critical steps in the construction process of a building, which is of great importance. Improper plumbing of the building may cause severe problems in the future. Therefore, it should be left to an expert.
The technical points that must be viewed when plumbing are:
Care of lines and plumbing system against building materials: Since other operations are happening simultaneously as the construction of the building plumbing, they could damage the pipelines and plumbing equipment, which makes it vital to follow these points.
- It would be best if you cleaned Pipes from various construction residues, including sharp objects.
- The pipe roll should not be placed directly on the floor of the building that is under construction under any circumstances. To prevent this, placing cardboard under the pipe protects against possible damage.
- After performing each piping route, pipe, testing, and approval of the supervising engineer, you should cover the path of the pipeline with light mortar to be protected from possible damage.
Use of sun-resistant pipe foam: If the pipe foam is in contact with direct sunlight for an extended amount of time, it will be damaged, so it is our job to take care of it in the sun.
Selecting the horizontal piping path in the floor: If the piping is done in a built-in manner, the experts should consider the horizontal paths only on the floor, and at the end, they go into the wall to reach the valves.
Use of original O-rings: If original O-rings are not used, there will be a problem of leakage after a while, and it will cost a lot to repair those parts. You can usually purchase genuine O-rings from authorized stores.
Covering pipes in the cold: You should consider that outdoors and exposed to cold pipes must be covered with a suitable layer because low temperatures cause the pipes to freeze and burst.
Relationship between polymer piping and metal piping systems: Pay close attention when connecting a polymer tube nut with an opposite thread. It is necessary to correctly place a single tube O-ring inside the 45-degree connection to observe the technical principles. However, because metal connections do not have such conditions, we are not allowed to directly connect the nut pipe of the polymer pipe to the thread of the connections of metal systems. Therefore, we must take this issue seriously.
The connection between polymer pipes and water heater: According to the building plumbing standard, direct link of polymer pipes to the water heater outlet (wall and standing) is not allowed and should not be done in any way. Therefore, it is necessary to connect 18 inches of standard metal pipe to the water heater’s outlet and connect the polymer pipe to the end of the metal pipe so that there is no problem. It should be noted that if new condensing radiators are used, there is no need to use metal pipes because in these radiators, this pipe has been included in the pack, and there is no problem for the plumber.
Choosing the right path from the false ceiling to the bathroom system: In the case of piping in the false ceiling, when the polymer pipe enters the bathroom systems from the false ceiling, the intersection of the two walls should be selected as a vertical path to avoid problems. Because there is no possibility of installing utensils or decorations in the corner of the wall, and if the mentioned devices are installed in other positions of the wall, the pipes buried in the corner of the wall will not be damaged.
Principles of building plumbing
Every job has its principles and rules, and building plumbing is no exception. Therefore, in the discussion of building water piping, we should consider various issues, referred to as the principles of plumbing.
The first principle is that freshwater should be available to all residents in the plumbing of residential and office buildings. Therefore, suitable pipes that are less prone to damage must be used. Another principle is related to washrooms, which require high-pressure water. Thus, the plumbing should be in a way that these places always have access to high-pressure water
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Today, most areas benefit from sewage networks, and in the piping of these areas, the building’s sewage pipes must be connected to the city sewage network. One of the essential principles in building plumbing is safety. Pipes and fittings related to heating appliances and water heaters should be placed in such a way as to cause the least damage to the building in the event of a burst from excessive water temperature.
Another thing that is very important in the principles of building plumbing is the type of pipes. The type should be selected in such a way that the least corrosion occurs in them. In the past, metal pipes were mainly used, which suffered from corrosion and water leakage after a few years.
Another important principle in building plumbing is to pay attention to the cleanliness of pipes and other equipment, which we can examine from several perspectives. Building pipes should be installed away from any contamination in the walls or floor to prevent contamination to people.
Most importantly, the sewer system must have no return of contaminants to the piping system. For example, the sewer system should be such that wastewater enters the municipal sewage network or the personal sewage tank of each building directly without any interruption or obstruction. Also, to make sure that no gas or other sewage material returns, more check valves should be used along the way.
Two other principles are important in the construction of wastewater piping. The first principle is to give the correct slope to these pipes, which prevents the pipes from clogging and helps draining more efficiently. The second point is the reverse flow of sewage, which will not be caused by proper leveling and sloping and the use of inspection valves.
Building piping steps
The first part of building plumbing is to develop a plumbing plan and then execute it correctly and with precision. Proper implementation has a significant impact on reducing current and future maintenance costs.
The piping steps depend on the type of pipe. Therefore, after preparing the map, it is time to choose the type of pipe, which should be determined and prepared according to the amount of water pressure as well as the amount of water used and the size of the pipes.
Pipes are available in different types and applications in the market, which you can find the characteristics of their types with a simple search. After selecting the materials, the piping process begins and is done according to the needs of each unit. Above all, this must be done carefully, and the connections between the pipes must be made correctly and with perfect elegance so that the residents in the future will encounter no problem.
Piping usually starts from the bottom of the building and continues to the upper floors. Usually, after piping one unit, the main pipes are covered with a cap, and the other floors are piped in the same way, and in the end, the lines of the units are connected to each other by existing connections.
In the next step, water is introduced into the pipes, and they are tested to avoid any problems. This operation is usually accompanied by ventilation so that the water flows completely into the lines. After this step, another test is performed to make sure that the work is flawless.
